Founding Fathers and Founding Women of Papua New Guinea

Founding Fathers and Founding Women of Papua New Guinea who were instrumental in the early years of Papua New Guinea Constitution and Independence. These individuals played crucial roles in shaping Papua New Guinea’s destiny during the Constitution planning stages, self-government and its transition to independence and early years of independence. 

Founding Fathers 

The independence of Papua New Guinea in 1975 was the culmination of decades of struggle and political activism. A number of key figures, often referred to as the "Founding Fathers," played pivotal roles in the nation's transition to self-governance. These individuals, representing diverse regions and backgrounds, contributed significantly to the drafting of the constitution, the establishment of democratic institutions, and the shaping of the nation's early policies. 

Here, we take a look at the most prominent Founding Fathers and Women Leaders who were at the forefront of Papua New Guinea’s Independence: 

• Sir Michael Thomas Somare: As the first Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, Somare led the nation to independence and played a dominant role in its early development. 
• Sir John Guise: As the first Governor-General, Guise served as a symbol of national unity and stability. 
•  Sir Albert Maori Kiki: A skilled diplomat and politician, Kiki contributed to the nation's international relations and domestic development. 
• Sir Julius Chan: A key figure in the early years of independence, now known as the last man standing, Chan held various ministerial positions and played a significant role in shaping government financial and monetary policies. 
• Sir Paulias Matane: A distinguished public servant and Governor-General from East New Britain Province, Matane symbolized public service and sovereignty. 
• Sir Barry Holloway: A representative of the House of Assembly, Holloway participated actively in constitutional discussions. 
• Sir Tore Lokoloko: From the Gulf Province, Lokoloko advocated for regional representation and the interests of his province. 
• Sir Sinake Giregire: From the highlands region, Giregire's contributions to the constitutional process were significant. 
• Sir Anthony Siaguru: As a lawyer and politician, Siaguru played a role in drafting the constitution. 
• Charles Lepani: Headed the National Planning Office. Contributed to mining industry development. Served as PNG’s ambassador to the European Union and high commissioner in Australia. 
• Mekere Morauta: Prime Minister (1999–2002). Restored economic stability. Led post-independence financial infrastructure development. 
• Rabbie Namaliu: Close ally of PNG’s first prime minister, Michael Somare. Served as PNG’s fourth prime minister (1988–1992). Previously foreign minister and head of the Public Service Commission. 
• Sir Ignatius Kilage: An advocate for indigenous rights, Kilage contributed significantly to the development of Papua New Guinea's legal framework. Sir John Kaputin: Kaputin's legal expertise influenced the nation's legal system. 
• Sir Paul Lapun: From the New Guinea Islands region, Lapun advocated for regional representation and cultural diversity. 
• Sir Tei Abal: A prominent politician from the Enga Province, Abal held ministerial positions and contributed to early governance. Sir 
• Matiabe Yuwi: From the Upper Highlands region of Papua New Guinea, Yuwi participated in constitutional discussions. 
• Sir Henry Chow: A philanthropists, businessman and politician, Chow contributed to local businesses, economic development and governance. 
• Sir Iambakey Okuk: From the Highlands region of Simbu Province, Okuk was a vocal advocate for local interests. 
• Sir Pita Lus: From the Sepik region, he was a key figure in the pre-independence period, Lus contributed to the nation's political landscape. 
• Sir John Momis: As deputy chairman of the Constitutional Planning Committee, Momis played a vital role in shaping the Constitution. He is one of the few surviving members of his era. 
• Sir Cecil Abel: Abel's role in the early political movement was crucial,. He was a prominent member of the Bully Beef Club and Pangu Pati, the brain behind Pangu’s economic & development policy – one nation, one country, unity in diversity. 
• Oala-Oala Rarua: Rarua was part of the collective effort that shaped Papua New Guinea's destiny during its transition to independence and was a prominent member of the infamous Bully Beef Club. 

 Women Leaders 

While the majority of the Founding Fathers were men, several women also played significant roles in the independence movement and the early years of self-government. These women, often facing significant challenges due to gender discrimination, paved the way for future generations of female leaders. 

Among the most notable women leaders were:

• Dame Josephine Abaijah: A trailblazer, Abaijah became the first woman elected to the House of Assembly in 1972. 
• Hon Nahau Rooney: Elected in 1977, Rooney contributed to women's representation in PNG's parliament. 
• Hon Waliyato Clowes: From the Western Province, she was elected to parliament in 1977, Clowes played a significant role in early post-independence politics. 
• Dame Carol Kidu: A prominent female leader and wife of Sir Buri Kidu, the first Governor-General after independence, Kidu served in parliament from 1997 to 2012. 

 These individuals, together with many others, contributed to the establishment of Papua New Guinea as an independent nation and laid the foundation for its future development.

A Contrarian View of Sustainable Development in Papua New Guinea in the Next 50 Years

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is a developing country with a young and growing population. The economy is largely resource-based, with mining, oil, and gas accounting for a significant share of GDP. However, the country also faces a number of challenges, including poverty, inequality, and corruption.

This article presents a contrarian view of development in PNG, with politics at the centre of the discussion. It argues that the country needs a fresh perspective on development, one that is driven by visionary and humble leadership.

Highlights and Lows of the Past 50 Years

The first two decades (1960s - 1980s) of PNG's independence showed immense promise. The economy was booming, and the Kina stood at par with the US dollar. 

Roads, infrastructure, and essential services were being built. However, from the mid-1980s to 1990s, the country's trajectory took a sharp turn as certain political leaders deviated from the development path, plunging PNG into a downward spiral.

Politicians Leading with Humility

One glaring issue that has plagued PNG's development is the stark contrast between the privileges enjoyed by politicians and the struggles faced by ordinary citizens. Politicians often seek medical treatment and education abroad, perceiving local facilities as inferior. This attitude needs to change.

To drive a contrarian approach to development, politicians should attend local hospitals, send their children to provincial high schools, and invest in the development of local facilities. This would demonstrate a commitment to public service and send a powerful message to the people.

Power to Transform

To bridge the gap between political privilege and public hardship, legislation must be enacted to ensure that lawmakers, who hold the power to use public funds wisely, lead by example.

Lawmakers need to realise that they can provide the best health and education services in PNG without going overseas. When they build it at home, everyone can enjoy its benefits.

In the next 50 years, one significant change that should take place is that politicians must "feel powerless." This may sound counterintuitive, but it means that they should operate within the bounds of the law and the judiciary, free from a sense of entitlement or immunity. This shift towards accountability and responsibility is essential for sustainable development.

Service Over Wealth: The Humble Path to Progress

To serve the people effectively, politicians must be driven by a deep love for their constituents. This entails sacrificing personal wealth and humbling themselves to prioritise the welfare of the nation over personal gain.

A modest salary relative to doctors, nurses, and teachers reflects a commitment to public service. Politicians can lead by example and prioritize the welfare of the people by:

• Using local services, such as hospitals and schools.
• Empowering law enforcement bodies to hold them accountable.
• Accepting a salary that is comparable to other essential workers.
• Respecting the rule of law and the independence of the judiciary.
• Putting the needs of the people ahead of their own personal interests.

Remember that a higher pay packet does not equate to serving the people well. By taking these actions, politicians can make a real difference in the lives of their constituents and help to build a better future for their country.

Conclusion

As Papua New Guinea looks back on 50 years of independence and ahead to the next half-century, it is evident that a fresh perspective on development is urgently needed. Politicians must lead by example, focusing on building local infrastructure, feeling accountable to the law, and prioritising the welfare of the people. 

It is only by taking this contrarian approach that PNG can embark on a more sustainable and equitable path to development.

K8.6 Billion Debt Vs K16 Billion Budget - Why PNG Treasury Runs Dry and Impact On 2015 Budget

Two letters were released on two important political developments on the same day, Friday the 14th of November. The first was the 'unexpected' referral of the Prime Minister, Peter O'Neill, to Leadership Tribunal. Second is a letter from the Chief Secretary of Government seeking cooperation from department heads to minimise pressure on 2014 Budget. 

The PM and Minister for Treasury indicated that 2015 Budget was on course. Their intentions were to showcase to every citizen and overseas friend that all is under control. As long as there are no confirmed data to support the Budget presentation, no one will believe them.

Government circular No. 05/2014 indicated that all is not too well. Chief Secretary to the Government circular implied that treasury could run dry before the end of the financial year. Every financial year ends in March. Does it mean that department heads have not followed tight monetary policy over the last 8 months? Why this letter is 'urgent'? 

The reasons why the heads should take cost-cutting measures detailed in Circular Instruction No. 05/2014 are indicative. This means that those reasons are used as smokescreen to divert attention from nonconformity to 'strict fiscal conditions set in 2014 Budget'.

The reality is obvious. Take a look at the facts associated with commodity prices, overspending and Government Debt.

1. Decline in tax revenues due to falls in some key commodity prices

Gold and silver prices have fallen after the financial crises, but oil and gas prices are at record high due to high demand from South East Asian Countries like Japan and Taiwan. Coffee price is at its peak, including other agricultural commodities.

The problem is that government has neglected Agricultural commodities, instead it places value on Gold, Silver and Oil and Gas. 

2. Increased costs associated with the completion of facilities for the 2015 South Pacific Games

Preparation of the SPG has put a lot of strain on 2014 Budget. The games committee has overspent  and requested more. The Government initially allocated AU$9 million, about PNG K1.2 billion when Don Polye was the treasurer. The estimated budget for the games is AU$342 million (over PGK760 million)

One only wonders if such an amount would not eat into Government Budget.  

3.  Increased costs on Government debt

Current government treasurer, in his 2015 Budget speech, said budget deficit is at K77 million and not K2.35 billion as expected from 2014 Budget. This is an oversight or deliberate attempt to divert from real debt. The amount does not include PNGK6 billion (about AU$2.7 billion) China's Exim Bank loan. The treasurer did not include the loan from Swiss bank UBS worth almost PNGK2.6 billion (AU$1.2 billion). 

It was reported that public debt service to cover interest payments stands at  K3.7 billion. Does this include both loans? What is the actual deficit brought forward from 2014? All these have to be factored into 2015 Budget and printed for all to see. 

In fact, PNG government has accrued a total debt of more than PNGK8.6 billion (K6b + K2.6b) since the Exim Bank loan. (That does not include other borrowings or repayments. or public debt of K3.7 billion or deficit from 2014 Budget of K2.35 billion). 

The conservative amount of K8.6 billion is factual based on both loans The nation's 2015 budget is around K16 billion. From the outset, one can see that debt level is at half the PNG's Annual Budget. 

Papua New Guineans and commentators have to see this figures clearly, and as it should be seen. The government has to tell us how much it has paid back. 2015 budget has to reflect all these figures in entirety. 

Apparently, Government of Papua New Guinea is placing all its hope on revenue from PNG LNG project. This is what the Prime Minister said in response to series of questions from the ABC news:

"GARRETT: You've just announced a 6 billion kina loan from China's Exim bank - that's worth almost 2.7 billion dollars. Critics say that is too big for PNG's budget. How do you respond?

O'NEILL: I think they underestimate Papua New Guinea's growth that is happening in the country. We are growing at an average of 8% over the last 10 years. We expect that growth to continue. We expect our economy to double by 2014. Our infrastructure in the country is declining to a state where some infrastructures are not able to cope with the demands of our people and our ecomomy. So when you look at this what solutions do you have? We need to program a massive overhauling and redevelopment of many of these infrastructures, particularly the transport systems in the country, and we are doing that by borrowing large sums of money. It sounds large but the draw down will not be in one single year. We are managing it prudently through our fiscal strategies that we have put in place and the projects are not going to be completed in one single cycle of a budget. So I don't think the stress levels will be that noticeable as the economy continues to grow. So I think our critics that are out there now stating that we are not able to manage such a large loan that has been sought through the Exim Bank of China we say this 'Do you want us to allow our infrastructures to continue declining? Do you want us to allow the economy to slow down and that there is no economic growth in the country? Do you want us to allow the unemployment figures to continue to rise?' Because when the economy does not grow the unemployment increases, all the other social sectors will decline. That is not a responsibility this government is prepared to accept. That is why the onus is on myself and the government to make sure that we rebuild the infrastructure in the country"

The stress level is clearly reflected in Chief Secretary's circular. The good news is that PNG LNG gas revenue will into government coffers starting 2015. 

Above all we must consider that PNG government will make just over K1 billion from its 16.8% stakes in the LNG project next year. Government's 10% stakes (149.4 million shares) in Oil Search contributes just over K70 million in first year of full production which is 2015. So, the anticipated revenue from the LNG project would contribute under K2 billion to Budget 2015.

It is certainly true that the Governments of Sir Michael Somare and Peter O'Neill have erred in using the PNG project as platform for more borrowing. PNG's budget has not doubled this year, not even next year when one takes a closer look at the rate of growth and debt level.

The country is likely to plunge deeper into debt.

Oh, How I Wish These Days Are Better Than The 1980s

Successive governments have done their best to deliver much needed service to every citizen. From Sir Michael Somare to Peter O’Neill, Papua New Guinea has seen many changes in politics, economics, social, education, health, Law and Justice and many other sectors.

Compared to the mid-1970s, have the changes been better? Children who grew up in the late 1970s and early 1980s would beg to differ in opinion as far as changes are concerned. In fact, the democratically elected governments at the National, Provincial and Local levels have served well. Public servants played their roles by meeting people's demand for service.

Services to communities were effectively administered locally by Aid Post Orderly, primary school teachers, local police men, village court magistrates, peace and good order committee and district administrators.

This was a time when public service took pride in their jobs. I remember our local APO - a good man. He served 4 villages with dignity and humanity. He would walk 3 hours to the nearest health centre to procure get medical supply, every month. He sometimes sent his boys who would take us along with them.

Teaching would commence at day one of academic year. Lesson planning would be evident in delivery of lessons. We learnt to read and write fairly well before reaching Grade 3. By then, our handwriting, memorsing times-table and reading were better than any grade 3 today. At the age of 9, I started writing letters to my dad. Teachers at the village 'community' school taught us well.

I bet this is what many who are attending 'primary' schools could not do today. Why? What went wrong along the way?

My grandpa was village court magistrate. He solved problems and made referrals when (and where) needed to district court. Law and Order existed in the village. Respect for village elders was obvious.

The early years where the best days for a child to grow up in the village. Everything needed was there - security, food, school, family, kids' play and good life. All.

I am sure you will have your story if your childhood was same as mine. Those were the days. Life was good.

Oh, I wish these days are better!

MORE Early 70s/80s Photos of Papua New Guinea CLICK HERE